MODEL OF DIODE WHEN THE DIODE IS FORWARD BIAS:

MODEL OF DIODE WHEN THE DIODE IS FORWARD BIAS:

  When the diode is forward bias there are three type of model can be studied.
          1.      Ideal model
          2.      Practical model
          3.      Complete model

IDEAL MODEL:

  In ideal model we assume the Vf means the drop voltage through the depletion considered as zero. So

            Vf = 0

By applying K.V.L rule we got                   

Model Diode

                                    

 Vbias – Vrlimit – Vf= 0

 Vrlimit = Vbias -     Vf                                                                              

Here 

        Vrlimit = Ir * Rlimit                                                                     

So

      Ir * Rlimit = Vbias – Vf                                                                   

And also note that Vf = 0

    Hence

      Ir=Vbias / Rlimit

PRACTICAL MODEL:

  In practical mode we considered the drop voltage through deletion region so we have Vf Is 0.7V thus the equation will be,

  Vf = 0.7V

By applying K.V.L rule we got    

Diode model

  Vbias – Vrlimit – Vf = 0

  Vrlimit = Vbias - Vf

Here 

  Vrlimit = Ir * Rlimit

Hence 

  Ir * Rlimit = Vbias – Vf

  Ir = Vbias – Vf/Rlimit

COMPLETE MODEL:

 In complete model we considered the total resistance in diode so we have Vf and r’d which is the resistance of depletion region.

So 

Diode model

    Vf= 0.7 + r’d

By K.V.L rule we got

    Vbias – Vrlimit – Vf = 0    

    Vrlimit = Vbias – Vf

Here

    Vrlimit = Ir (Rlimit + r’d)

    Ir (Rlimit + r’d) = Vbias – Vf

    Ir = Vbias – Vf/ (Rlimit + r’d)

  

 

Read More

DIODE:

DIODE:

  Diode is an electronic pn-junction device which is used to rectification. It consists of two material p-type and n-type material the region between P and N material is called depletion region.

Diode

  Diode is formed by doping. Doping is the process to construct a diode. Symbolically diode is represented by 

.

 In diode the P-type is covered more place by holes and  small number of electron, while in N-type the most of place is covered by electron and less area have holes.

RECTIFICATION:

  Rectification is a process in which alternating current is converting into direct current.

BIASING OF DIODE:

  There are two method of biasing in diode.

                1.       Forward biasing

                2.       Revised biasing

FORWARD BIASING:

     In this type of biasing the diode acts as closed circuit because in this case the current is conduct through diode. To make the diode forward biasing connect the positive terminal of source to P type and the negative terminal of source to N type of diode as shown in figure  

  In this process the depletion region become narrow. And the voltage drop from the depletion region is 0.7V.  

REVERSED BIASING:

  In this type of biasing the diode acts as open circuit because in this case the current does not conduct through diode. To make the diode reversed biasing connect the negative terminal of source to P type and the positive terminal of source to N type of diode as shown in figure

                            

In this process the depletion region becomes wider. And the voltage drop from the depletion region is zero because it acts as open switch but if we continuously supplying voltage then after 10 volt the depletion region blast and its going in break down region and the diode became useless, and maximum current flow through it .  

DIODE MODEL:

 There are three type diode models,

        1.       Ideal model

        2.       Practical model

  3.     Complete model

#  For complete detail of diode models in forward bias click here Continue

# And For complete detail of diode models in reversed bias click here continue

Read More

GRAMEEN BANK

GRAMEEN BANK

Grameen bank

  Grameen Bank is a micro-organism and community. Development bank founded in Bangladesh. It makes small loans known as microcredit.

  It originated in 1976 in the work professor Muhammad Yonus at University of Chittagong by starting of giving 27$ of loan.

  As of January 2011, the total borrowers of the bank member are 8.4 million and 97% were women. They start low housing program in 1998 and in 2006 it won world habitat award and also founder Dr. Yonus were jointly awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

 As of 2017 the bank had about 2600 branches and nine million borrowers, it active nearly 97% village of Bangladesh.

  Grameen bank is now expanding in wealthy countries also and as of 2017 Grameen America had nine branches in eleven US cities, and these branches had one million borrowers and all the borrowers were women.

  The statistic of Grameen bank and the lot number of borrowers of women indicate that this micro-organism basically empower the women by giving small loan or microcredit so they can start their own business from small industry or from home. Because the 97% borrowers were women.

  

   

Read More

AKHUWAT FOUNDATION

Akhuwat

AKHUWAT FOUNDATION

  Foundation of the vision of poverty free society by giving people loan instead of charity, the loan of purely interest free, under supervision of Muhammad Amjad Sajid.

  They started their journey gave of ten thousand loan to a widow. After six month she returned the loan. The success of first loan brought in more donations, after ten years foundation disbursed more than two billion with the recovery rate of 98.85%.

  The name of Akhuwat drives from Mwakhaat means brotherhood the earliest example of which has been seen in the fraternity formed by the Ansar and Muhajereen in Medina city.

  This foundation now starting their own College and University in different cities of Pakistan. In Akhuwat University they teach skillful knowledge to youth that can they start their own business and can do their own self help. And Akhuwat College gives the quality education to the poor and needy students under different scholarship programs.

  Now a day Akhuwat Foundation has 802 branches in more than 200 cities and town. It have 7045 volunteers worker. More than 90 thousand donor and three hundred and twenty nine million people were benefits. It used religious place for distribute loan, such as Mosque. 

                             Akhuwat foundation direct link

Read More

Quran

Quran

Quran

Quran
آپ اس تصویر کو انپیج میں حاصل کرسکتے ہو  inpage download link
DOWNLOAD

Read More

Whats is Network

NETWORK:

what is network

 Network can be define as the combination of many computers and devices together by physically i.e. wire or by air connection i.e. internet to share data and information. We build network between devices to overcome some limitation such as in networking we use one printer for an office instead of everyone had separate printer this way due to networking we also overcome money and to overcome time also.The connecting of more than one computers together to share information called computer networking. 

TYPES OF NETWORK: 

 Following is the type of networking,

1.       PAN

2.       CAN

3.       LAN

4.       MAN

5.       WAN

PAN:

  PAN stand for Personal Area Network which is available at a range of room such as mobile hotspot.

CAN:

  CAN stand for Campus Area Network which available at a range of a campus such as Wi-Fi connection of a campus.

LAN:

  LAN represent Local Area Network which available about 1 km

or 100 meters in a specific area.

MAN:

   MAN stand For Metropolitan Area Network which can be access from 5 km to 50 km from an area.

WAN:

   WAN stand for Wide Area Network which can be available from any part of world such as internet.

 

Read More

What is Computer

COMPUTER:

  Computer is an electronic device which operate under the controlled of instruction that stored in the memory. It accepts data as input and carries out process on it with the specific rules and generates result and display on output unit, and stored that result or information for future use.

COMBINATION OF COMPUTER:

What is computer

 Computer is formed by the combination of Hardware and Software. Where the Hardware is the physical part of computer and the Software is considered as the soul of computer which includes set of instruction which tells computer what to do and how to do.

 Types of computer:

   According to the working principal, construction and size computers are divided into three parts,

       1.       Analog computer

       2.       Digital computer

       3.       Hybrid computer

ANALOG COMPUTER:

  Analog computers are those computers which process analog signals where analog signal is the continuous signal. It uses the decimal number system for process. The early stage of computer were analog computers but now a day it is also use in various field of life such analog computers are stopwatch, watch, weight machine, heartbeat sensor machine, stabilizer and oscilloscope etc.

DIGITAL COMPUTER:

  Digital computers are those computers which process the digital signals where the digital signal is the discrete signal. It uses the binary number system for process binary number is 1s and 0s. The mostly advance computer are digital computer for practice and lab often used digital computers. Such types of computers are minicomputer, microcomputer and main frame.

HYBRID COMPUTER:

 Hybrid computers are those which having both analog and digital computer features. The combination of analog and digital computer.

Read More