WHAT IS NETWORK

NETWORK

                “The interlink connection between device or node through a communication link (medium) to communicate data is called network".

what is network

 The devices like computer, mainframes/server, peripheral devices and other devices that are connected to each other to share data. Internet is one of the famous networks that connected millions of computer all over the world in order to sharing the data.
  Node: The nodes are those device which is connect each other in a network, that are capable of sending or receiving data produce by other nodes, like computer, printer and server etc.

define what is network

Computer Network

   "Computer Network is networking of group of computers in a network in order to exchange resources and to use the resources that provide by other nodes. This group of computer is connected through a a digital medium and use common communication protocol."  

What is networking?

    Networking is a process of connecting devices or nodes in one network for the purpose of exchanging resources and specially the computer to allow them to operate interactively

What are Public and Private Network?

Public network can be used by public it’s an open password network usual offered by nearby business or government. Public network are a convenient way to connect to internet. Public network can be access by three methods. First possibly it may require password, second can be access by Gmail account by providing Gmail account information and third one may be it’s an open password. rivate networks are those networks that are individual to home, business, school Wi-Fi and mobile hotspots with password protected etc. Private network are always password protected and used by specific persons.  

Components Of Network

1. Hardware Component of Network 

    i) Transmission media

    ii) NIC(Network Interface Card)

    iii) Server

    iv) Client

    v) Peer

    vi) Connecting devices 

2. Software Component of Network

    i) NOS(Networking Operating System)

    ii) Protocol 

        a) OSI model

        b) TCP/IP model

Criteria For A Data Communication Network

1. Performance

2. Reliability

3. Security 

Physical Structure Of Network

1. Point to Point network
2. Multipoint network

Physical Topology Of Network

1. Bus Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
4. Mesh Topology
5. Hybrid Topology

Type Of Network Casting

1. Unicast Transmission
2. Multicast Transmission
3. Broadcast Transmission

Network Types

1. LAN (Local Area Network)

2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

3. WAN (Wide Area Network)

4. CAN (Campus Area Network)

5. HAN (Home Area Network)

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OBJECTIVES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM

    Operating system is a system software usually represent by short form "OS". It is the soul of computer like soul in human body. Operating system is need by system form boot up to the execution of an application. Further of it OS manages all CPU resources, manages all program execution.

    We have different types of operating system and its have several kind of OS. However we have different types of OS on base of Tasking and Performance and Reliability, but the objective of all types of operating system is same for all.

OBJECTIVES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM.

    From the evolution time of System Software until today we have different types of Operating System, and hundreds kind of OS. But the main objective or aim of all of this is same. The objectives are,

different objectives of operating system

 i) To make the computer is more convenient to the user. Its mean that the computer system can be easily accessible to the world by shifting the place from special desk to all community of people. So that every single person can take advantage of it.

 ii) To make the computer more efficient in manner, it done by introducing GUI in system for the user OS make easy to use the computer for those who don’t have computer literature.

 iii) To provide efficient and fair sharing of resources among user and program. 

 iv) To hide the detail of the hardware resources from the user

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DATA FLOW IN COMMUNICATION

DATA COMMUNICATION 

"The process of exchanging data between devices through a transmission medium in a network is called data communication"
    However some component of data communication make us able to perform data communication and this process has some characteristic that take as characteristic of data communication . 

DATA FLOW IN COMMUNICATION

data flow communication in a network

Data flow or communication mode means the movement of data between the nodes or devices over a network on the directional flow the data flow in communication is divided into three modes which are
       i) Simplex Mode      ii) Half-Duplex Mode      iii) Full-Duplex Mode
  All these modes are used in different field of life as per its requirement and these are differ from one another according to the direction of data flow, simplex is unidirectional but the other two are bidirectional. Further explanations are,

Simplex Mode

In the first mode the data flow is unidirectional only. The data can flow from one side to another second one, the second can response but can’t send the data to first one. Graphically it is represented by one sided arrow see the figure. We can take Remote to TV data flow as the simplex mode example, in which the data flow always remote toward TV, TV just response but can’t send data to remote.  Some other example of simplex data mode includes keyboard and mouse to CPU connection, CPU to printer, scanner and sound system

Half-duplex Mode

   In half-duplex data flow mode the data flow bidirectional between nodes or device but here is a
condition apply the data can flow bidirectional but both can’t be sender or receiver at a same time. Both the side can be sender and receiver but not simultaneously.  If one half first can send data and second will be receiver and in another half second can send data and first will be receiver.  The most famous example of half- duplex data flow mode is Walki-Talki communication, both side can be receiver and sender but not same time. 

Full-duplex mode 

  In full-duplex data flow mode the data flow bidirectional like in half-duplex but here both communicating nodes can be sender and receiver simultaneously.  Now a day the most used communication mode is full-duplex mode.  Some example of full-duplex communication mode is telephone/mobile network and computer internet etc. 

data flow in data communication and networking

Difference between Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex Mode

Simplex	Half-duplex	Full-duplex
The simplest mode of data communication, in which data flow unidirectional.	In Half-duplex the data flow bidirectional.	The data flow between nodes is bidirectional also.
Data can send from one side to another side only. One node can sender another will be receiver.	Nodes in this mode can send data and receive also but not simultaneously. At a time only one can be sender.	The data can be flow both direction simultaneously. At a time both nodes can be sender and receiver.
The less recommended data communication mode.	It works better then simplex mode but not then full-duplex.	The most preferred data communication mode.
Data send by CPU to monitor and printer are simplex mode. Monitor and printer can’t send back data.	The communication between Walki-Talki is half-duplex mode. Both side are sender and receiver at its own turn.	The communication between computers over internet and mobile over network is full-duplex mode.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

 DATA COMMUNICATION: "Data communication is the process of exchanging the data between devices in a network through a transmission medium". Where in this process different components of data communication involves that make us able to communicate the data. Hence the data communication must satisfied on some characteristic which are explained below.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

   It means when we performing data communication between nodes then the process should completely satisfy on some property or some characteristic for which it design. Mainly there are three characteristic that considered being hold in such a process to make the communication more fluent and efficient in manner. The characteristic of data communication are,

characteristics of data communication in computer networks

     1.       Delivery  : When we send data to some specific node then the data must deliver to that node. Here we ensure the delivery of package at correct destination.

     2.       Accuracy: Accuracy means the receiver should receive complete data. In this characteristic we ensure that either the receiver receives full and complete data or not. If the receiver doesn’t receive complete data its mean the process fail and the method need to upgrade.

     3.       Timelines: The system must deliver the data to destination in a specific time without any delay. This characteristic has a meaningful weight in data communication as well as data operation.

characteristic of data communication

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COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION

DATA COMMUNNICATION

components of data communication

" The process of data exchange between devices over a network through some communication medium is known as data communication".

    Components which is involved in this process of data communication is what we take as component of data communication.

COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION

For communication of data we need some components that allow us to communicating in other word that make the data communication possible, which are as follow

1.       Massage

Massage will be the data or information that has to communicate (send or receive) between nodes, where the data/information can be in different form like text, number, images, audio and video.

2.      Sender

Senders are those nodes that send the data. It can be computer, work station or mobile phone etc. sometimes we call sender as source system.

3.       Medium

Medium are also known as Transmission Medium. It is the path/way along which data travel form sender to receiver. Medium may be physical wire such as coaxial cable or may be wireless travel through air such as radio waves signal.

4.       Receiver

Receiver is the device which accepts the data and store, and can manipulate the data. Like sender receiver may be computer, server and workstation etc. sometime we use the word destination system as receiver.

5.       Protocols

Protocol means rule, there will be some set of rule specify to exchange the data between nodes is called protocol of data communication. Protocol represents the agreement of communicating nodes. Like how the data travel/move, how many data packet can travel on the medium, is the data packet move in parallel or in series. All this rules are defined in protocol. Every medium has own protocol by following the protocol the data communication done. Without protocol two devices can connect but can’t communicate.

component of data communication

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DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING

DATA COMMUNICATION 

data communication and networking

    Data communication is all about, how the communication is done between data. Simply we can say  that the communication between data and data is called data communication.

Data Communication Definition

    "The communication of data or the exchange of data between two or more devices/nodes by using some medium is called data communication."

    However the data may be in raw form or in form of information, which can be texts, numbers, images, audios and videos. And nodes are computers system, printers, server and other device that can hold data and can send or receive the data.

COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION

    Five component of data communication that are required that make us able to communicate data.

    1. Massage

    2. Sender

    3.Medium 

    4.Receiver 

    5.Protocol             See detail of data component of data communication 

CHARACTERISTIC OF DATA COMMUNICATION 

There are three main characteristic that should posses in a data communication process that are,

    1.Delivery  

    2.Acuuracy 

    3.Timelines

DATA FLOW IN COMMUNICATION 

Data flow or Mode of data communication. the movement and direction of data between nodes in a network. We have three type of data flow in communication or data communication mode.

    1.Simplex Mode

    2.Half-duplex Mode

    3.Full-duplex Mode  

NETWORK 

To make possible of the data communication between devices we need a strong network. That's why network define it self as " The interlink connection between device or node through a communication link (medium) to communicate data is called network".

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