Sep 14, 2021

Daily Basic Programming Problems || natural number summation

Daily Basic problems || natural number summation

Natural Number Summation     

Problem Statement: Make a program function that take two number start and end, and print all the number between the start and end number. Also calculate and print the total sum of numbers.

Solution Program

0

0

Source code:

JavaScript Source Code
              
            <html>
                <body>
                    <form action="#">
                        <label for="start">Enter your start number</label>
                        <input type="number" id="start">
                        <label for="end" class="ending">Enter your end number</label>
                        <input type="number" id="end">
                        <p id="enter"></p>
                        <button onclick="G_sum()" class="btn">Generate Sum</button>
                        <label for="t_no">Total Number Read</label>
                        <p id="t_no" class="box"> 0 </p>
                        <label for="sum">Sum of Total Number</label>
                        <p id="sum" class="box"> 0 </p>
                    </form>
                    <script>
                        function G_sum()
                        {
                            let start_num = Number(document.getElementById("start").value);
                            let end_num = Number(document.getElementById("end").value);
                            if (start_num == "" || end_num == "")
                            {
                                document.getElementById("enter").innerHTML = "Please provide numbers";
                            }
                            else 
                            {
                                document.getElementById("enter").innerHTML = "";
                                document.getElementById("t_no").innerHTML = "";
                                let i, t_sum = 0;
                                for (i = start_num; i <= end_num; i++) 
                                {
                                    document.getElementById("t_no").innerHTML += i + " , ";
                                    t_sum = t_sum + i;
                                }
                                document.getElementById("sum").innerHTML = t_sum;
                            }
                        } 
                    </script>      
                </body>      
            </html>     
            
        
C Source Code
                
                    include<stdio.h>
                    void main ()
                    {
                        int a, b;
                        printf("enter the starting number");
                        scanf("%d",& a);
                        printf("enter the end number");
                        scanf("%d",& b);
                        G_sum (a,b);
                    }
                    void G_sum (int a, int b)
                    {
                        int i, t_sum = 0;
                        for (i = a; i <=b; i++)
                        {
                            printf("%d , ", + = i);
                            t_sum = t_sum + i;
                        }
                        printf(t_sum);
                    }
                
            

Apr 19, 2021

POINT TO POINT & MULTIPOINT NETWORK

PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NETWORK

            The physical structure of network means that how the nodes are connected physically and how many nodes are take parts in that network. In term of how many nodes/device are connected in a network the physical structure of network is divided in to two parts that is,

                    1.       Point to Point Network

                    2.       Multipoint network

    Both this technique is used to connect devices in network through a wire in order to communicate, but the difference between this two network physical structure is one is used to connect only two devices that is point-to-point and other is used to connect more than two devices in a network called multipoint network see further explain below.

Point to Point Network

                The simplest form of the physical structure of network and unicast network, in this network only one sender and one receiver connect with each other to communicate data. Such as when transfer data between two mobiles or computer by using Bluetooth and other application like Zapya and Shearit etc.
    We can make Point to Point network by connecting two computers using network wires, here only these two nodes can perform data communication.

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                This type of network is use in immediate work, in a room or personal use.

Multipoint Network

                Multipoint network also known as broadcast networking, in this type of network the connection configure between more than two devices. However there will be only one communication line on which all nodes are connected and one can be sender and others all will receiver. Like TV broadcasting one station is broadcaster or sender and it has many receivers.

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Difference between Point to Point and Multipoint Network

Point to Point

Multipoint

When a single line is used only between two devices, it is point-to-point network.

In multipoint the single line is used to connect more than two devices in a network.

In this network the entire channel capacity is reserved for only these two devices.

Where in multipoint network the capacity of channel is shared temporarily by nodes. Or the capacity of channel Is divided among nodes.

Here only a transmitter and a receiver.

In this network there is single transmitter but multiple receivers.

 

Apr 14, 2021

CRITERIA FOR A DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK

NETWORK

                “The interlink connection between device or node through a communication link (medium) to communicate data is called network.” 

CRITERIA FOR A DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK

                Some criteria or specification that a data communication network must meet, in order to exchange data. For a reliable and a proper network, following three criteria must carry by specific network.  

                                1.  Performance

                                2.  Reliability

                                3.  Security 

1.      Performance

Performance can measure by different aspect and factor such as. The transmit time and response time, performance of network like active user transmission medium type, how fast the data travel between medium also protocol paly role in performance.

2.   Reliability

Reliability is measured in term of network failure and duration in which the failure recover. It is one of the most important criteria after security on which the network should fall its maximum hold. Reliability in term of the network is able or not when require arise, if the network down in-between works then it will count as failure.

3.   Security

Security includes the data protection from virus and Malicious/unauthorized user access. The data sent over network should reach from source to destination without any loss and interrupt in the way.  The most important factor of data communication network although performance and reliability count it’s important but security is one of most sensitive word of need now a day.

The criteria of computer network says about the quality of network.

Q. What is the criteria for a good network, name it?

Ans: For a good  network, the following three network criteria must meet. 1. Performance  2. Reliability  3. Security 

what is the criteria of network.

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Apr 10, 2021

BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK

NETWORK

   The interlink connection between device or node through a communication link (medium) to communicate data is called network.” 

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COMPONENTS OF NETWORK

To make a network we need some component that combine together to make us able to communicate data between nodes. Component of network contain the physical component called as hardware component of network as well as the operating system and some protocol required for networking named as software component of network.

1. Hardware Component Of Network

    The Hardware components that are the physically installed devices, wires and accessories which can be seen or touch. The following components of network count as Hardware component.

i) Transmission media
    Transmission media is the channel by which the data is travel form one device to another in a network; it is the medium between the nodes in network. Transmission media may be guided like coaxial cable and optical fiber and with unguided like micro waves and radio waves.

ii) NIC(Network Interface Card)
    Network Interface Card also known as NIC, it is a hardware component that connects the computer to network a circuit board usually comes with computer system that dedicated network connection to computer. Some family of computer’s organization NIC is a mandatory part but at other side in some computer’s family we have to install NIC separately. Without this card computer can’t connect through network.

iii) Server
    Servers are the high speed high storage computers that usually offer services. Network Operating System (NOC) is specially design for this type of computer that offer services that other client can use these resources. It can be deferent type like file server that store large amount of file and database server etc.

iv) Client
    Computers that normally use by public to use network resources, client request and use the server services.

v) Peer
    Peer are those computer that can provides services in a networking and also use the resources that provide by server and other peers. This type of computer can be server and client at a time.

vi) Connecting device
    The devices that use between nodes/computer and network to binding the network and media together. Some example of connecting deices are Routers, Bridges, Hubs, Gateways and Switches etc.

2. Software Component Of Network

Software components of hardware are those software and protocol that make the hardware communicate-able in order to build a reliable networking system

i) NOS(Network Operating System)
    Like the other Operating system the Network Operating System is used in server to facilitate workstation in network in order to share data and information.

ii) Protocol(OSI/TCP IP model ) 
    OSI and TCP IP models are the protocol of networking which tells about the rules which is defines to communicate the nodes in a network. 
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Network's component


  

Jan 26, 2021

WHAT IS NETWORK

NETWORK

                “The interlink connection between device or node through a communication link (medium) to communicate data is called network".

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what is network
 The devices like computer, mainframes/server, peripheral devices and other devices that are connected to each other to share data. Internet is one of the famous networks that connected millions of computer all over the world in order to sharing the data.
  Node: The nodes are those device which is connect each other in a network, that are capable of sending or receiving data produce by other nodes, like computer, printer and server etc.

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Computer Network

   "Computer Network is networking of group of computers in a network in order to exchange resources and to use the resources that provide by other nodes. This group of computer is connected through a a digital medium and use common communication protocol."  

What is networking?

    Networking is a process of connecting devices or nodes in one network for the purpose of exchanging resources and specially the computer to allow them to operate interactively

What are Public and Private Network?

Public network can be used by public it’s an open password network usual offered by nearby business or government. Public network are a convenient way to connect to internet. Public network can be access by three methods. First possibly it may require password, second can be access by Gmail account by providing Gmail account information and third one may be it’s an open password. rivate networks are those networks that are individual to home, business, school Wi-Fi and mobile hotspots with password protected etc. Private network are always password protected and used by specific persons.  

Components Of Network

1. Hardware Component of Network 
    i) Transmission media
    ii) NIC(Network Interface Card)
    iii) Server
    iv) Client
    v) Peer
    vi) Connecting devices 
2. Software Component of Network
    i) NOS(Networking Operating System)
    ii) Protocol 
        a) OSI model
        b) TCP/IP model

Criteria For A Data Communication Network

1. Performance
2. Reliability
3. Security 

Physical Structure Of Network

1. Point to Point network
2. Multipoint network

Physical Topology Of Network

1. Bus Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
4. Mesh Topology
5. Hybrid Topology

Type Of Network Casting

1. Unicast Transmission
2. Multicast Transmission
3. Broadcast Transmission

Network Types

1. LAN (Local Area Network)
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
3. WAN (Wide Area Network)
4. CAN (Campus Area Network)
5. HAN (Home Area Network)

Jan 15, 2021

OBJECTIVES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM

OPERATING SYSTEM

    Operating system is a system software usually represent by short form "OS". It is the soul of computer like soul in human body. Operating system is need by system form boot up to the execution of an application. Further of it OS manages all CPU resources, manages all program execution.

    We have different types of operating system and its have several kind of OS. However we have different types of OS on base of Tasking and Performance and Reliability, but the objective of all types of operating system is same for all.

OBJECTIVES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM.

    From the evolution time of System Software until today we have different types of Operating System, and hundreds kind of OS. But the main objective or aim of all of this is same. The objectives are,

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different objectives of operating system

 i) To make the computer is more convenient to the user. Its mean that the computer system can be easily accessible to the world by shifting the place from special desk to all community of people. So that every single person can take advantage of it.

 ii) To make the computer more efficient in manner, it done by introducing GUI in system for the user OS make easy to use the computer for those who don’t have computer literature.

 iii) To provide efficient and fair sharing of resources among user and program. 

 iv) To hide the detail of the hardware resources from the user

Jan 12, 2021

DATA FLOW IN COMMUNICATION

DATA COMMUNICATION 

"The process of exchanging data between devices through a transmission medium in a network is called data communication"
   
However some component of data communication make us able to perform data communication and this process has some characteristic that take as characteristic of data communication

DATA FLOW IN COMMUNICATION

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data flow communication in a network
Data flow or communication mode means the movement of data between the nodes or devices over a network on the directional flow the data flow in communication is divided into three modes which are
       i) Simplex Mode      ii) Half-Duplex Mode      iii) Full-Duplex Mode
  All these modes are used in different field of life as per its requirement and these are differ from one another according to the direction of data flow, simplex is unidirectional but the other two are bidirectional. Further explanations are,

Simplex Mode

In the first mode the data flow is unidirectional only. The data can flow from one side to another second one, the second can response but can’t send the data to first one. Graphically it is represented by one sided arrow see the figure. We can take Remote to TV data flow as the simplex mode example, in which the data flow always remote toward TV, TV just response but can’t send data to remote.  Some other example of simplex data mode includes keyboard and mouse to CPU connection, CPU to printer, scanner and sound system

Half-duplex Mode

   In half-duplex data flow mode the data flow bidirectional between nodes or device but here is a
condition apply the data can flow bidirectional but both can’t be sender or receiver at a same time. Both the side can be sender and receiver but not simultaneously.  If one half first can send data and second will be receiver and in another half second can send data and first will be receiver.  The most famous example of half- duplex data flow mode is Walki-Talki communication, both side can be receiver and sender but not same time. 

Full-duplex mode 

  In full-duplex data flow mode the data flow bidirectional like in half-duplex but here both communicating nodes can be sender and receiver simultaneously.  Now a day the most used communication mode is full-duplex mode.  Some example of full-duplex communication mode is telephone/mobile network and computer internet etc. 

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data flow in data communication and networking

Difference between Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex Mode

Simplex

Half-duplex

Full-duplex

The simplest mode of data communication, in which data flow unidirectional.

In Half-duplex the data flow bidirectional.

The data flow between nodes is bidirectional also.

Data can send from one side to another side only. One node can sender another will be receiver.

Nodes in this mode can send data and receive also but not simultaneously. At a time only one can be sender.

The data can be flow both direction simultaneously. At a time both nodes can be sender and receiver.

The less recommended data communication mode.

It works better then simplex mode but not then full-duplex.

The most preferred data communication mode.

Data send by CPU to monitor and printer are simplex mode. Monitor and printer can’t send back data.

The communication between Walki-Talki is half-duplex mode. Both side are sender and receiver at its own turn.

The communication between computers over internet and mobile over network is full-duplex mode.




Jan 11, 2021

CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

 DATA COMMUNICATION: "Data communication is the process of exchanging the data between devices in a network through a transmission medium". Where in this process different components of data communication involves that make us able to communicate the data. Hence the data communication must satisfied on some characteristic which are explained below.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

   It means when we performing data communication between nodes then the process should completely satisfy on some property or some characteristic for which it design. Mainly there are three characteristic that considered being hold in such a process to make the communication more fluent and efficient in manner. The characteristic of data communication are,

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characteristics of data communication in computer networks

     1.       Delivery  : When we send data to some specific node then the data must deliver to that node. Here we ensure the delivery of package at correct destination.

     2.       Accuracy: Accuracy means the receiver should receive complete data. In this characteristic we ensure that either the receiver receives full and complete data or not. If the receiver doesn’t receive complete data its mean the process fail and the method need to upgrade.

     3.       Timelines: The system must deliver the data to destination in a specific time without any delay. This characteristic has a meaningful weight in data communication as well as data operation.
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Jan 7, 2021

COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION

DATA COMMUNNICATION

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" The process of data exchange between devices over a network through some communication medium is known as data communication".
    Components which is involved in this process of data communication is what we take as component of data communication.

COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION

For communication of data we need some components that allow us to communicating in other word that make the data communication possible, which are as follow
1.       Massage
Massage will be the data or information that has to communicate (send or receive) between nodes, where the data/information can be in different form like text, number, images, audio and video.
2.      Sender
Senders are those nodes that send the data. It can be computer, work station or mobile phone etc. sometimes we call sender as source system.
3.       Medium
Medium are also known as Transmission Medium. It is the path/way along which data travel form sender to receiver. Medium may be physical wire such as coaxial cable or may be wireless travel through air such as radio waves signal.
4.       Receiver
Receiver is the device which accepts the data and store, and can manipulate the data. Like sender receiver may be computer, server and workstation etc. sometime we use the word destination system as receiver.
5.       Protocols
Protocol means rule, there will be some set of rule specify to exchange the data between nodes is called protocol of data communication. Protocol represents the agreement of communicating nodes. Like how the data travel/move, how many data packet can travel on the medium, is the data packet move in parallel or in series. All this rules are defined in protocol. Every medium has own protocol by following the protocol the data communication done. Without protocol two devices can connect but can’t communicate.
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DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING

DATA COMMUNICATION 

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    Data communication is all about, how the communication is done between data. Simply we can say  that the communication between data and data is called data communication.

Data Communication Definition

    "The communication of data or the exchange of data between two or more devices/nodes by using some medium is called data communication."
    However the data may be in raw form or in form of information, which can be texts, numbers, images, audios and videos. And nodes are computers system, printers, server and other device that can hold data and can send or receive the data.

COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION

    Five component of data communication that are required that make us able to communicate data.
    1. Massage
    2. Sender
    3.Medium 
    4.Receiver 
    5.Protocol             See detail of data component of data communication 

CHARACTERISTIC OF DATA COMMUNICATION 

There are three main characteristic that should posses in a data communication process that are,
    1.Delivery  
    2.Acuuracy 
    3.Timelines

DATA FLOW IN COMMUNICATION 

Data flow or Mode of data communication. the movement and direction of data between nodes in a network. We have three type of data flow in communication or data communication mode.
    1.Simplex Mode
    2.Half-duplex Mode
    3.Full-duplex Mode  

NETWORK 

To make possible of the data communication between devices we need a strong network. That's why network define it self as " The interlink connection between device or node through a communication link (medium) to communicate data is called network".